The immiscible displacement method with co 2 injection, although not mentioned in the above classification, is also used for eor and is briefly described in. A miscible displacement process maintains reservoir pressure and improves oil displacement because the interfacial tension between oil and water is. According to figure 7, more than 48% of co 2 has dissolved into the oil phase in the miscible condition compared with the immiscible condition. In miscible flooding, injection of solvent is often combined with water to reduce the mobility contrast between injected and displaced fluids and control the degree of fingering. Doherty memorial fund of aime, society of petroleum engineers of aime, 1983. Gas injection, miscibility condition, enhanced recovery, di splacement, vaporizing gas drive, multiple conlacl abstract by the process of gas injection under miscible conditions, th e alai oil recovery also includes vaporized hydrocarbons from the. The effect of gas injection is similar to that of a solution gasdrive. Impact of viscous fingering on the prediction of optimum wag. A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by co 2. Simulation study on miscibility effect of co2solvent. Reserve growth targets can range from 10 to 45 % of ooipogip. Effect of waterflooding history on the efficiency of fully.
This area becomes broader with time and a miscible region develops. Pdf co2 miscible flooding for enhanced oil recovery. A series of experiments are performed in a heleshaw cell, consisting of two parallel closely spaced glass plates. Enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide sciencedirect. In one type of eor technique, oil is displaced by a miscible fluid miscible. Miscible displacement is a highly efficient method of oil recovery as it reduces. The properties of the injected water make another parameter that have a major effect on the level of incremental wag recovery. Miscible displacement spe monograph series, richardson, tx, 1983 a williams, craig a.
A general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir. Miscible displacement of a layer with finite width in porous media miscible displacement of a layer with finite width in porous media ching. Evaluating reservoir production strategies in miscible and immiscible gasinjection projects. Stable and unstable miscible displacements in layered. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery eora. Performance evaluation and mechanisms study of nearmiscible. Barrufet miscible gas injection processes could be among the most widely used enhanced oil. The experiment was conducted at the reservoir temperature of 98. Oil recovery of heavy oil leads to unstable displacement for adverse mobility ratio for both miscible and immiscible displacement. It must be said that the law clarifies miscible displacement henry l.
Blunt2 1department of petroleum engineering, stanford university, 65 green earth sciences bldg. Before joining ku in 1964, he worked in the production research division of continental oil co. Experimental investigation of the effect of injection. Miscible displacement methods, which include injection of hydrocarbon gas, co2, or inert gas. These definitions clearly show the absence of an interface and zero ift as a primary requirement of. Impact of viscous fingering on the prediction of optimum. The application of miscible gas flooding as an enhanced oil recovery technique has increased rapidly. Miscible displacement 1987 peh chapter 45 onepetro. Compositional simulation of miscible processes petrowiki.
The minimum miscibility pressures mmp of a chinese reservoir crude oil injected with pure and impure co2. Miscible displacement s p e monograph series stalkup, fred i. Miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through soil columns. Dry gas injection for miscible displacement on zutica oil. Displacement behavior of the condensingvaporizing gas drive process. Water interfacial areas in unsaturated porous 3 media 4 molly s. In this case, no interfacial tension occurs between the fluids stalkup 1983. Analysis of the law of organic solid phase precipitation and. Eor oil production up slightly 1998 oil and gas j apr 20 gogerty w b 1983 j from chemical e pete 355 at kwame nkrumah uni. The miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium is governed by a system of two equations. Jun 16, 2016 miscible flooding is a general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir.
Immiscible gas displacement recovery laramie, wyoming. One is elliptic form equation for the pressure and the other is. Laboratory assessment and field pilot of near miscible co 2 injection for ior and storage in a tight oil reservoir of shengli oilfield china. Jan 10, 2007 the experiments examined the downward displacement of water by brine and brine displacement by water to specifically determine mixing processes in conditionally stable regions i and iii noted in figure 5 where gravitational and viscous forces are in opposition. The major problem with this type of miscibility test is severe casedependent dispersion physical or numerical. Kulkarni and rao presented the first work in the area of combination of lsw and wag. A decision to implement a miscible flood in a particular field will usually consist of a sequential approach. Please feel free to use the most recent edition of textbooks referenced in this lis. A simulation research on evaluation of development in shale. The photograph shows a light colored band of oil highlighted with an arrow in the direction of the flow that is. Evaluation of oil recovery by water alternating gas wag.
A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by carbon. It is natural to ask how one can use those results and apply them to miscible displacement problems. Numerical analysis of immisciblenearmiscible co2wag. Viscous and gravitational contributions to mixing during. The photograph shows a light colored band of oil highlighted with an arrow in the direction of the flow that is fingering through darker, bypassed oil.
The effect of permeability heterogeneities and viscosity variations on miscible displacement processes in porous media is examined using highresolution numerical simulations and reduced theoretical modelling. This work reports on an experimental study of miscible displacement of oils by carbon. Simulation of viscous instabilities in miscible and. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Generally, by using hydrocarbon gas as injecting fluid, the following mechanisms can be activated. This method is legitimate for all range of miscible simulations, but require a new reservoir simulation formulation, because tl models cannot use the fractional flow curves and effective hydrocarbon viscosity directly. From aaron zicks and fred stalkup s spe papers spe15493 spe16715 spe18060 miscible. Petroleum engineering suggested text listing 2017 page 1 of 4. The displacement pressure was set to be 21 mpa, a little bit smaller than the mmp 22.
Implications of surfactantinduced flow for miscible. Please feel free to use the most recent edition of textbooks referenced in this list. Doherty series volume 8 of monograph society of petroleum engineers s p e monograph series. Estimation of minimum miscibility pressure of varied gas. A simulator for threedimensional horizontal miscible displacements in porous media is developed. Miscible gas injection is the second largest process in enhanced oil recovery processes today hinderaker et al. A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by carbon dioxide. The dispersion zone between fluids with different density and viscosity in a heterogeneous porous medium volume 267 l. The displacement processes treated here may be conveniently classified as firstcontact miscible fcm or multiplecontact miscible mcm on the basis of the manner in which miscibility is developed. Green is emeritus distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at the university of kansas ku. Abstract miscible displacement is one mabod for enhancing the recovery hm hctumd porous media because under miscible conditions capillary pressure effects are ehnmated.
Methods for miscible flooding have been researched and field tested since the early 1950s. These displacements may simply amount to pressure maintenance in the reservoir 23 25. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery eor. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery co2eor. Slimtube displacement tests are commonly used to determine the mmp for a given crude oil. Horizontal well injection is better than vertical well injection in terms of sweep efficiency and. Because only one phase results from mixtures of miscible fluids, there are no interfaces and consequently no ift between the fluids stalkup, p. Eor processes miscible gas injection miscible co 2 andor hc solvent injection. Paper spe3483 presented at spe annual fall meeting, new orleans, louisiana, usa, 36 october, 1971. The dispersion zone between fluids with different density and. Doherty series by fred i stalkup pdf free the crowd phenomenon, taking into account the danger posed. A general regression neural network model offers reliable. Enhanced oil recovery by co2 injection in carbonate reservoirs. Using traditional fractionalflow theory, stalkup estimated the optimum watersolvent ratio or wag ratio when viscous fingering effects are.
Analysis results of injectivity index and productivity index show that the reservoir blockage primarily appears as the displacement pressure is higher than the near minimum miscibility lower limit pressure and plays an important role in the production capacity. The impact of the insitu reservoir wetting state on miscible and or immiscible gas flood oil recovery is quite significant agbalaka et al. For a more indepth understanding of the role of co2 in oil recovery, the reader is encouraged to examine holms 1976 and stalkup s 1978 co2 flooding status papers, stalkup s 1983 spe monograph miscible displacement and the spe reprint series no. Schematic of miscible gas displacement in the porous media bp amoco 1999. The displacement efficiency of oil by gas depends highly on pressure, and miscible displacement is achieved only at pressures greater than a certain minimum, the minimum miscibility pressure.
Displacement efficiencies between 90 and 98 % are the criteria adopted by the oil industry in assessing the miscibility conditions of slim tube experiments stalkup 1992. Flow visualization and simulation of miscible displacement with. Nov 01, 20 read miscible oil recovery utilizing n 2 andor hc gases in co 2 injection, journal of petroleum science and engineering on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The empirical and theoretical miscible characterization method in. The last halfcentury has seen enormous progress in our understanding of porous media displacements and the instabilities to which they give rise. Under certain conditions, co 2 can be miscible or multicontact miscible with the crude oil without forming an interface and this significantly improves the displacement performance stalkup, 1983. At ku, green was chair of his department from 19701974 and 19962000. Uni ed convergence analysis of numerical schemes for the miscible displacement problem. Raimondi, and torcaso, 1962, and stalkup, 1970, had concluded that less oil trapping occurs in oil wet rock and severe oil trapping takes place in waterwet cores. The mechanism of oil recovery by wateralternatinggas injection at near miscible conditions in mixed. A characteristic finite element twogrid algorithm for a.
They studied the effect of changing the injected water composition on oil recovery during wag and tertiary continuous gas injection cgi using model oil and sandstone formation. The immiscible displacement method with co 2 injection, although not mentioned in the above classification, is also used for eor and is briefly described in the section fundamentals of the co 2eor process. An analysis of reservoir production strategies in miscible. Experimental investigation of the effect of injection water. Miscible displacement processes in petroleum reservoirs fall generally into two classes.
A large amount of gas is usually associated with oil in gathering center, which can be separated and reinjected into reservoir for miscible or immiscible displacement in order to enhance oil recovery. It could encounter organic solid phase precipitation and deposition in near miscibility environment. The study of the influence of different cyclic timedependent displacement scenarios on viscous fingering in co 2 miscible flooding is essential for the optimal injection scheme in order to maximize oil recovery. For lighter oils, injecting a fluid include miscible gas injection stalkup 1983, orr 2007, water alternating gas wag injection christensen et al. But will the injected fluid break through the hctures bypassing the oil in the matrix.
The displacement processes treated here may be conveniently classified as firstcontact miscible fcm or multiplecontact miscible mcm on the basis of the. The new prediction of the minimum miscible pressure by. General description of miscible 186 displacement 6. Analytical solutions to multiphase firstcontact miscible models with viscous fingering ruben juanes1, and martin j. Overview of eor processes miscible gas injection 10. Miscible displacement of oils by carbon disulfide in porous media. Miscible displacement is a major branch of enhanced oil recovery processes. Two fluids are miscible when all mixtures of the two fluids remain in a single phase without any interfaces. Miscible displacement processes are defined here as processes where the effectiveness of the displacement results primarily from miscibility between the oil in place and the injected fluid. Analysis of miscible displacement through porous media with vanishing molecular di usion and singular wells. This study includes modeling of viscous instabilities at both miscible and immiscible displacement. Effect of stratification on segregation in carbon dioxide. Zhang and sorbie7 proposed a similar procedure for upscaling both immiscible and miscible gas displacement processes.
Or wiil there be enough crossflow between the hcture and the matrix for a high swq efficiency. A miscible displacement process maintains reservoir pressure and improves oil displacement because the interfacial tension between oil and water is reduced. Viscous fingers on the trailing front where the mobility ratio is unfavorable are. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Miscible flooding is a general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir. Simulation studies of viscous fingering in miscible and immiscible displacements were performed in order.
Doherty series volume 8 of monograph society of petroleum engineers of aime henry l. Dry gas injection for miscible displacement on zutica oil field tvanka juttner key words. For 1st contact miscible pressure of displacement must be above cricondenbar miscible gas injection 31 october. Using traditional fractionalflow theory, stalkup estimated the optimum watersolvent ratio or. A study on the minimum miscibility pressure for miscible flooding. The miscible condition, caused by the injected co 2, leads to an improved displacement efficiency of the reservoir oil. This chapter is from the 1987 edition of the petroleum engineeringhandbook. Nonlinear stability analysis of miscible displacements. Miscible flooding is presently the mostcommonly used approach in enhanced oil recovery. American institute of mining, metallurgical, and petroleum engineers, inc. Spe 63086 miscibility variation in compositionally grading. Corey, john charles, miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through soil columns 1966. Nov 11, 2009 miscible displacement processes are defined here as processes where the effectiveness of the displacement results primarily from miscibility between the oil in place and the injected fluid. Jun 01, 2015 read effect of waterflooding history on the efficiency of fully miscible tertiary solvent injection and optimal design of wateralternatinggas process, journal of petroleum science and engineering on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Numerical study of co2 injection and the role of viscous. Schematic of miscible gas displacement in the porous media bpamoco 1999. For the carbon dioxide flooding process, the crude oil displacement generally shows a better performance with the increase of the pressure. Miscible displacement methods, which include injection of hydrocarbon gas, co 2, or inert gas under high pressure. Theoretical aspects of miscible phase displacement. Schlumberger sis tr aining and development las vegas, nevada, usa october charles a. The principle of perception, not taking into account the number of syllables, miscible displacement henry l. Each injection mode was conducted on unfractured and fractured cores. Eor oil production up slightly 1998 oil and gas j apr 20. Near miscible co 2 flooding can effectively develop shale oil. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search.
Petroleum engineering reference list 2017 page 1 of 3 note. Miscible displacement an overview sciencedirect topics. Extortionate or low pressure is not conducive to carbon dioxide displacement. Using this simulator, we examine the initiation and development of instabilities, viscous fingers and. Fractured cores included two types of fracture systems creating two shape models on the core. Mcm displacements require a transfer of hydrocarbon components between the injected and the reservoir fluid. Aug 20, 2015 miscible displacement is characterized by the absence of a phase boundary or interface between the displaced and displacing fluids benham et al. Stalkup1 suggests a procedure for using slimtube simulations to estimate dispersionfree mmp. Doherty series by fred i stalkup pdf standing between the stresses, resulting in photosynthetic hydrodynamic shock, as g. Miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through.
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